Tag Archives: ISO

ISO standards for Finance business data

When I define a business glossary to prepare for the high-level corporate data model, I try to incorporate as much of the relevant standards as I can. Because usually, knowing up front about a standard will make it much easier later on to integrate with other parties in the value chain, to report to regulatory authorities that use the same standards, and to apply Master Data Management. The more data that adheres to international standards, the less work you have in managing it.

Below, I have provided a list of ISO standards that can be used to aid in the governance of your business glossary and data models, standards that provide metadata specific to Finance and standards that provide identification schemes for key entities.

Note that there are more finance data and metadata standards than just the ISO standards. These will be listed in a different post that I will then link from here (and vice versa).

ISO standardAreaDescriptionID?
ISO 00639GeneralISO 639 defines language codes, as opposed to country codes. The standard consists of 6 parts, some more detailed than others. The preferred standard is ISO 639-3, which is the most comprehensive substandard. Usually, we restrict ourselves to a subset of supported languages.

See for more information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639
ISO 03166GeneralISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states). The official name of the standard is "Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions". It consists of three parts:

  • ISO 3166-1 contains all codes currently in use
  • ISO 3166-2 contains all codes for subdivisions
  • ISO 3166-3 contains all codes no longer in use

The three standards contain several codes: alpha-2, alpha-3 and alpha-4. The alpha-2 code is the recommended code for general use.

See for more information: https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html
ISO 04217GeneralISO 4217 is the standard that defines codes for currencies, as well as funds and minor currency units. The codes can be represented as a 3 letter code, or a numerical code with 3 positions, which is usually the same as the numerical country code from ISO 3166-1. The minor currency is given as an exponent for the division, by 10. I.e. if the minor currency is "3", the currency can be divided into 1000 minor units. The name of the minor unit is not part of this standard.

The current version of the standard is ISO 4217:2015.

See for more information: https://www.iso.org/iso-4217-currency-codes.html
ISO 06166FinanceThe ISO 6166 standard is called "Securities and related financial instruments -- International securities identification numbering system (ISIN)". This standard describes and defines the International Securities Identification Number. The number applies to fungible and non-fungible securities and financial instruments.

ISINs consist of two alphabetic characters, which are the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for the issuing country, nine alpha-numeric digits (the National Securities Identifying Number, or NSIN, which identifies the security), and one numeric check digit. The NSIN is issued by a national numbering agency (NNA) for that country. Regional substitute NNAs have been allocated the task of functioning as NNAs in those countries where NNAs have not yet been established.

ISINs are slowly being introduced worldwide. At present, many countries have adopted ISINs as a secondary measure of identifying securities, but as yet only some of those countries have moved to using ISINs as their primary means of identifying securities.

The current version of the standard is ISO 6166:2013.

See for more information: https://www.iso.org/standard/44811.html
http://www.isin.net/iso-6166/
Yes
ISO 08601GeneralISO 8601 is about "Data elements and interchange formats - information interchange - representation of dates and times". It details how to represent dates and times when exchanging them with other systems in an unambiguous way.

The current version of the standard is ISO 8601:2014.

See for more information: https://www.iso.org/iso-8601-date-and-time-format.html
ISO 09362FinanceThis ISO standard defines the Business Identifier Code (BIC). BIC is an international standard for identification of institutions within the financial services industry. BICs are used in automated processing. They unambiguously identify a financial institution or a non-financial institution. The ISO 9362 standard specifies the elements and the structure of a BIC. A BIC consists of either eight or eleven contiguous characters. These characters comprise either the first three, or all four, of the following components: party prefix, country code, party suffix, and branch identifier. The ISO has designated SWIFT as the BIC registration authority.

The EU regulation 260/2012, also known as the IBAN only rule, requires financial institutions to add the BIC code to IBAN payments.

The rule has applied to any domestic EURO payment since February 2014, to any cross-border EURO payment between EU countries since February 2016, and to any cross-border EURO payment from non-euro countries since October 2016.

See for more information: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9362:ed-4:v1:en
https://www2.swift.com/sitesearch/#/?q=BIC
ISO 10383FinanceISO 10383 is called "Codes for exchanges and market identification (MIC)". It defines the Market Identifier Code (MIC).

This International Standard specifies a universal method of identifying exchanges, trading platforms, regulated or non-regulated markets and trade reporting facilities as sources of prices and related information in order to facilitate automated processing. Each such exchange, platform etc. receives a unique code from the registrar.

See for the current list: https://www.iso20022.org/10383/iso-10383-market-identifier-codes
Yes
ISO 10962FinanceISO 10962 defines the structure and format for classification of financial instruments approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). There are many types of Financial Instruments used for saving, investing, trading, hedging and speculating. These instruments are generally organized in groups called "asset classifications." The most common asset classifications are generally described using terms like "Equities (Stocks)," "Debt (Bonds)," "Derivatives (Contracts)," "Currencies," and a few other generalized terms.

ISO 10962 provides a global standard for these classifications in the form of specific codes. Classification of financial instrument (CFI) Code is used to define and describe financial instruments as a uniform set of codes for all market participants. The code is issued by the members of ANNA, the Association of National Numbering Agencies. The group is currently working to simplify the structure so that it can be adopted more widely by non-governmental market participants.

The letters from the ISO basic Latin alphabet in each position of this 6 character code reflect specific characteristics intrinsic to the financial instruments that are defined at the issue of the instrument, and which in most cases remain unchanged during the lifetime of the instrument (or by the market on which the instrument trades).

See for more information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10962 or visit the registrar homepage
ISO 11179MetadataThe ISO/IEC 11179 Metadata Registry (MDR) standard) is an international standard for representing metadata for an organization in a metadata registry. ISO/IEC 11179 claims that it is (also) a standard for metadata-driven exchange of data in an heterogeneous environment, based on exact definitions of data.

The ISO/IEC 11179 model is a result of two principles of semantic theory, combined with basic principles of data modelling. The first principle from semantic theory is the thesaurus type relation between wider and more narrow (or specific) concepts, e.g. the wide concept "income" has a relation to the more narrow concept "net income". The second principle from semantic theory is the relation between a concept and its representation, e.g., "buy" and "purchase" are the same concept although different terms are used.

The standard consists of six parts:
ISO/IEC 11179-1:2015 Framework (referred to as ISO/IEC 11179-1)
ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005 Classification
ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013 Registry metamodel and basic attributes
ISO/IEC 11179-4:2004 Formulation of data definitions
ISO/IEC 11179-5:2015 Naming and identification principles
ISO/IEC 11179-6:2015 Registration

Part 1 explains the purpose of each part. Part 3 specifies the metamodel that defines the registry. The other parts specify various aspects of the use of the registry. An additional part, Part 7: Datasets is currently under development.

For use in the creation of data models, part 4 and especially part 5 provide common standards that could be used in data governance to govern the creation of data models.

See for more information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179
ISO 13616FinanceThe International Bank Account Number (IBAN) is an internationally agreed system of identifying bank accounts across national borders to facilitate the communication and processing of cross border transactions with a reduced risk of transcription errors.

The ISO standard was split in two parts in 2007. ISO 13616-1:2007 "specifies the elements of an international bank account number (IBAN) used to facilitate the processing of data internationally in data interchange, in financial environments as well as within and between other industries" but "does not specify internal procedures, file organization techniques, storage media, languages, etc. to be used in its implementation". ISO 13616-2:2007 describes "the Registration Authority (RA) responsible for the registry of IBAN formats that are compliant with ISO 13616-1 [and] the procedures for registering ISO 13616-compliant IBAN formats".

The official IBAN registrar under ISO 13616-2:2007 is SWIFT.

The IBAN consists of up to 34 alphanumeric characters comprising: a country code; two check digits; and a number called the Basic Bank Account Number (BBAN) that includes the domestic bank account number, branch identifier, and potential routing information. The check digits enable a sanity check of the bank account number to confirm its integrity before submitting a transaction.

The current version of the standard is ISO 13616:2007

See for more information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number
Yes
ISO 15022Metadata - FinanceISO 15022 is the precursor to (and superseded by) ISO 20022.

See for more information: https://www.iso20022.org/15022/uhb
ISO 17442BusinessThe International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 17442 standard defines a set of attributes or legal entity reference data that are the most essential elements of identification. The Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) code itself is neutral, with no embedded intelligence or country codes that could create unnecessary complexity for users.

Four key principles underlie the LEI:

  • It is a global standard.
  • A single, unique identifier is assigned to each legal entity.
  • It is supported by high data quality.
  • It is a public good, available free of charge to all users.
Once a legal entity has obtained an LEI, it will be published together with the related LEI reference data by the organization that has issued the LEI. This means the full data on the entire LEI population is publicly available for unrestricted use by any interested party at all times, including the set of reference data for each LEI code.

The LEI code is structured as follows:

  • Characters 1-4: Prefix used to ensure the uniqueness among codes from LEI issuers (Local Operating Units or LOUs).
  • Characters 5-18: Entity-specific part of the code generated and assigned by LOUs according to transparent, sound and robust allocation policies. As required by ISO 17442, it contains no embedded intelligence.
  • Characters 19-20: Two check digits as described in the ISO 17442 standard.
The current version of the standard is ISO 17442:2012.

See for more information: https://www.iso.org/standard/59771.html or visit the homepage of the registrar
Yes
ISO 18774FinanceISO 18774 defines the Financial Instrument Short Name. The new standard for the Financial Instrument Short Name (ISO 18774) standardizes short names and descriptions for financial instruments. The standard was approved in September 2014.

As of July 1 2017, the FISN will be globally assigned concurrently with the ISIN (ISO 6166) and CFI (ISO 10962) at the time of issuance of a new financial instrument.

The ISO 18774 standard incorporates the issuer short name and the abbreviated characteristics for the financial instrument. It has a maximum length of 35 alphanumeric characters.

Unlike other ISO-standard financial instrument identification codes, the FISN is not meant to be machine-readable, but to provide a short format for essential information about a security for human use.

See for more information: http://www.anna-web.org/standards/fisn-iso-18774/
ISO 19773MetadataThis International Standard specifies small modules of data that can be used or reused in applications. These modules have been extracted from ISO/IEC 11179-3, ISO/IEC 19763, and OASIS EBXML, and have been refined further. These modules are intended to harmonize with current and future versions of the ISO/IEC 11179 series and the ISO/IEC 19763 series.

Part of the standard are, amongst others:

  • a data structure for UPU postal data
  • a data structure for ITU T E.164 phone number data
The current version of the standard is ISO/IEC 19773:2011.

See for more information: https://www.iso.org/standard/41769.html
ISO 20022Metadata - FinanceISO 20022 is an ISO standard for electronic data interchange between financial institutions. It describes a metadata repository containing descriptions of messages and business processes, and a maintenance process for the repository content. The standard covers financial information transferred between financial institutions that includes payment transactions, securities trading and settlement information, credit and debit card transactions and other financial information.

The repository contains a huge amount of financial services metadata that has been shared and standardized across the industry. The metadata is stored in UML models with a special ISO 20022 UML Profile. Underlying all of this is the ISO 20022 meta-model - a model of the models. The UML profile is the meta-model transformed into UML. The metadata is transformed into the syntax of messages used in financial networks. The first syntax supported for messages was XML Schema.

The standard contains a number of external reference code lists, that are available on the website in the form of spreadsheets and documentation. The data dictionary present in ISO 15022 is no longer available as a spreadsheet, but can be downloaded as a 96MB xml-file.

See for more information: https://www.iso20022.org/
ISO 20275FinanceThe ISO 20275 standard defines Entity Legal Form (ELF) worldwide. The latest (and first) version is ISO 20275:2017 (en). It covers the legal forms available per country (or country grouping), as long as that country has an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code.

The standard can be obtained from the ISO but the codelist itself is maintained by the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF) and can be obtained here.

Interesting to note is that where the AnaCredit list goes slightly off the rails with the European Legal Form "Societas Europaea", this list solves it in a nicer way by repeating the SE legal form for all countries involved. Although using EU is actually allowed by ISO 3166-1 standards as it is an alpha-2 code reserved for the special use of the EU, this way is cleaner as you now only deal with countries. Since the AnaCredit list goes off the rails in more ways than this, you may want to use this ISO standard as your main reference data set and add a mapping to the ECB's rather ragtag list of legal forms.

Currently there are legal forms for 55 countries in the list so locations that are currently missing need to be added through a feedback form.

The ELF for companies in the LEI register has been made public as of March 1st, 2018.